In order to do this just click on Finder icon and select Go menu at the top. Choose Utilities from the drop down menu. In utilities folder look for Disk Utility icon (you can also press command + shift+ U and open Disk Utility in utilities folder). Once you’ll open Disk Utility click on “File” menu at the top. Introduction to VeraCrypt. 1.0 Other Tools Like VeraCrypt. GNU Linux, Mac OS X and other Microsoft. In fact, calling it “for Windows” will soon be a bit of a misnomer, because beginning with version 1.3.4, we are officially adding Mono support to the app, meaning it will rapidly become Cryptnos for Windows, Mac OS X, Linux, various BSDs, and maybe eventually more.
Sure, we Mac faithful know how essential the release of Mac OS 8 was. Many of us also know what came with System 7. Some of us may even know what the difference between 6.04, 6.06, and 6.08 are, but how many of us know the Mac OS in its early years? How many of us knew the quality of the Mac OS when the classic Macs reigned? Well this article is dedicated to versions of the Mac OS before the System 6. I've included descriptions, new features, release dates, screen shots, and even links to downloadable versions. Enjoy a look at the Mac OS's past, you might be surprised at tidbits of the System you never knew about. Don't forget to e-mail me any revelant information or corrections you might have. Thanks.
Into The Crypt Mac Os Catalina
In case your wondering about the weird numbering schemes, it's Apple tradition to make them as complicated as possible it seems. After the first System was released, separate versions for both the System and Finder were bundled into 'System Software', not until System 7 were the versions finally reunited.
Credits:Macworld Mac SECRETS, The Mac 512, Insanely Great, Mac OS Crypt
System 1 - 2
System 1.0, Finder 1.0 Released: January 24, 1984 | Size: 216k | Download Screenshots: Desktop, Desktop Accessories, Notepad, Scrapbook, Menus
Hard to believe that the OS that started a computer revolution was only 216k, including the 42k Finder. This was the combined effort of the geniuses at Apple Computer in the early '80s. The original Mac OS was simple and easy to use, a pleasant surprise to computer users who tried it for the first time. The Finder is very familiar, but some of the menu options are unrecognizable. The desktop accessories, which included Calculator, Alarm Clock, Puzzle, Key Caps, Control Panel,Notepad, and Scrapbook were there just like today, under the Apple menu. These were all installed in the System Folder, which also harbored the fonts. The entire System was shipped on a 400k disk with the first Mac 128k models, and also included a separate tutorial disk that taught you how to use the mouse (a device alien to most all users at the time) called Mousing Around, which later became Mac Basics. Even though it was a breakthrough in interface design, System 1.0 also had many headaches and inconsistencies. Most apparent was the copying of disks, which would take up to 20 minutes and countless disk swaps (partly due to the Mac's limited memory). Rebuilding the desktop back then removed all your folders, putting all files at the root level of your disk. Also, the tutorial was incompatible with System 1.0, and a patched version of the System had to be included with the tutorial disk to avoid crashing. You also could not create a new folder. Instead, an folder named 'Empty Folder' always existed on the root level of any Mac-formatted disk. When you renamed it, a new 'Empty Folder' would appear. These problems caused the prompt release of System 1.1.
System 1.1, Finder 1.1g (System Software 0.1) Released: May 5, 1984 | Size: 198k | Download Screenshots: Desktop, About the Finder, Open/Save Dialog Box, Erase Disk Dialog Box
Only four months after the release of the Macintosh, Apple had already updated the OS to System 1.1. The main advantage of System 1.1 by far was a dramatic speed increase in disk copying. Apple accomplished the task by increasing the Finder's memory buffer, therefore allowing the Finder to copy larger chunks of data at a time and reducing the number of disk swaps needed. A big deal for Steve Jobs was system startup speed, as a famous anecdote explains. Probably because of this, the new System started up 20% faster due to improved code. The Finder also launched faster at startup, and after exiting other applications. Another interesting feature added was the Set Startup command in the Special menu. It allowed you to automatically set applications to launch upon System startup, similar to the Startup Items folder today. The Clean Up command also debuted in this version under the Special menu, which set the icons in specified grids which made you windows and desktop look nice and tidy. Fonts and Font Mover were added, as the Mac was starting to evolve into a desktop publishing machine. More aesthetic updates included the About the Finder dialog box, with the now famous 'mountain scene' in the Apple Menu. Still, no New Folder command nor a Shutdown command existed.
Apple worked on the new System for almost a year before releasing it to the public. The bulk of the work was done on improving the Finder, which jumped from version 1.1 to 4.1, while the System only went up to 2.0. The Finder was easily the star of this package, now much faster than ever before, and jam packed with new features. You could finally create a new folder using the New Folder command, which replaced the Empty Folder command. You could now change the view of the folder for the first time to 'List', which created little tiny icons next to their corresponding filenames (much like the 'Small Icon' view today). You could also print the list using Print Catalog, a new command under the File menu. The Chooser's predecessor, Choose Printer, made a home in the Apple menu. Users were also now able to shut down their OS using the command in the Special menu. Apple also let users eject disks by dragging them to the trash for the first time. A cool new feature called MiniFinder also appeared in the Special menu. It let users pick their favorite applications, so when they quit one, a dialog box would appear with icons of all the other ones that they had selected. This was similar to today's Launcher, or At Ease. All subsequent problems were fixed, except for the rebuilding of the desktop problem. Still, most users were content with their Mac until the introduction of System 3.0, which they received with open arms.
System 3
System 3.0, Finder 5.1 (System Software 0.7) Released: January 1986 | Size: 211k | Download Screenshots: Desktop, Chooser, Control Panel, Open/Save Dialog Box
System 3.0 debuted with the introduction of the Mac Plus, and like the Plus, forever changed the way Mac advocates used their machines. The most notable upgrade second only to System 7 and Mac OS 8, it changed dramatically from System 2.0. A much more efficient Finder, now at version 5.1, was also much speedier. This was in part due to the newly created Disk Cache, which would store frequently used routines and instructions in a chunk of memory. Besides that there weren't many new commands or interesting features added. So what was all the hoopla you ask? Well, it was the first full introduction of the Hierarchical File System (the system was first introduced with Apple's HD20 hard drive, but not publicly announced). HFS was much more efficient, easy, and fun to use than the older Macintosh File System (MFS). The main benefit of HFS was the ability to finally nest folders (put folders within folders). MFS only allowed you to create folders at the root level, which would disappear in Open/Save dialog boxes and when rebuilding the desktop. HFS took care of that, allowing you to create many nested folders allowing for better organization. It was revered so much that it later went on to win InfoWorld Magazine's People's Choice Award for OS Environment of the Year. HFS was finally replaced in Mac OS 8.1 with HFS+, which better calculates file block sizes according to maximum hard disk capacity.
System 3.1, Finder 5.2 (System Software 1.0)
Released: February 1986 | Size: 497k | Download This System version is a mystery to me. I can't seem to find much information about it except that it was released a month later and was extremely buggy. It seems to have been a problem with the System because version 3.11 was released with the Mac 512Ke Guided Tour disk. This System should be avoided, the link above is for System 3.11 which I think is bug-free.
System 3.2, Finder 5.3 (System Software 1.1)
Into The Crypt Mac Os Download
Released: June 1986 | Size: 312k Screenshots: Desktop
This version was more of a bug fixer than anything else. Like I already said, 3.1 had many bugs, and System 3.2 fixed about 30 of them. It also fixed problems with data loss and system crashes. The Chooser was updated as well, since the older version had problems printing in italicized fonts (it didn't!). Another desk accessory update was the Calculator, to the plea of many Mac users. The Calculator was oddly designed conflicting with the Apple Extended Keyboard's numerical keypad that came with the Mac Plus. The keypad had the *, /, and = signs in a different order than the Calculator. This drove users nuts, since they often messed up because of the inefficient design. Whizzing through the accessory to do quick calculation (as we do today) was almost impossible. Therefore, Apple finally changed it to the order it is today.
System 3.3, Finder 5.4 (System Software 2.0) Released: January 1987 | Size: 333k | Download
A slightly upgraded version of System 3.2 was released to make way for AppleShare, Apple's hot new networking software. This finally created the much touted 'Macintosh Office' that Steve Jobs often talked about. It even inspired the infamous 'Lemmings' commercial played in Super Bowl XIX on January 20, 1985. Why was it being advertised two years before its release? Maybe they were using Intel strategy, you don't really know what goes on in Jobs' head. It later caused many headaches for Apple (Jean Louis Gasée called it the 'Macintosh Orifice'). Anyhow, by this time it was finally out and System 3.3 made good use of it.
System 4 - 5
System 4.0, Finder 5.4 (System Software 2.01)
Released: March 1987 | Size: 260k | Download Screenshots: Chooser, Control Panel
Aside from bug fixes left over from 3.2 and 3.3, there wasn't much of a change in System 4.0. The Finder wasn't even updated. In fact, System 4.0's major claim to fame would be the fact that it was the first System to exclude a model, the Mac 128k. It did have some fixes to accommodate AppleShare, like a new Chooser that looks remarkably like today's, and a new Control Panel with an AppleTalk section. System 4.0 was recommended for all Macs with 512k of RAM and higher, which means only the Mac 512k and above were able to run it. Not much more became of the System, since it was only current for that month alone.
System 4.1, Finder 5.5 (System Software 2.01)
Released: April 1987 | Size: 422k | Download
Mac users had just a month to enjoy a nice 1 digit version number of their Mac OS. System 4.1 was released the following month newly adapted for AppleShare 1.1. AppleShare 1.1 was needed to network the newly released Mac II, and an updated version of the Mac OS was needed to accommodate it. Another update due to new technology was the way the Finder handled large capacity drives (namely those larger than 32 MB). This System also excluded a model, the Mac 512k, since you needed 1 MB of RAM to run it. This was the last time Apple did that for a while though, since they would not exclude models from running a version of the Mac OS for over ten years later, with the introduction of Mac OS 7.6.
System 4.2, Finder 6.0 (System Software 5.0)
Released: October 1987 | Size: 2,188k | Download Screenshots: Desktop, About the Finder, Control Panel, Set Startup, Installer
As you can see, besides little fixes not much was done to the Mac OS for about a year and a half before System Software 5.0 was released. But it was probably worth the wait, for several dramatic changes were made when this System came out. The About the Finder dialog box was improved, it now displayed RAM usage the way About This Computer does today. This did away with the mountain scene however, later to be hidden as a famous easter egg. The Color menu made its debut on color capable Macs, though was not available for the 'classic' all-in-one Macs. Finder copying was much more useful, with a progress bar and cancel button. Backgrounder, DA Handler, Easy Access, and Print Monitor were born, as was Background Printing with the LaserWriter. Control Panel was updated, now with the ability to add or delete different functions that it controlled. This System also brought about something new and exciting to Mac users..cooperative multitasking via Apple's newly released MultiFinder. Using MultiFinder, you could run more than one application at a time and switch between them using the now familiar Application Menu on the top right corner of your screen. Though it is true that multitasking capabilities were available before then using Mac ROM author Andy Hertzfeld's app 'Servant', it was not officially endorsed by Apple. The Finder had an improved Set Startup command that would allow you to use either regular or MultiFinder. With the System also came omissions, among them were the About the Finder mountain scene, and the MiniFinder. The new additions would explain the whopping increase in the System's size, over 5 times that of the previous System. System 4.3, Finder 6.0 (System Software 5.1)
Released: November 1987 | Size: 2,197k | Download
This System was a small update to the Finder. It added a new version of Apple HD SC Setup for updating the drivers on Apple brand hard drives, and an updated LaserWriter driver. Besides that, it is for all practical purposes identical to System Software 5.0. Some system version lists I researched don't even have this release, implying that it probably replaced System 4.2 without much hype.
Full-disk encryption (FDE) is a low-effort way to ensure that if someone were to get ahold of one of your drives while unmounted or a Mac while powered down, the contents on the drive would be unusable to them without knowing a password or other encryption information. Apple offers two distinct ways of encrypting volumes on a drive, and it’s important to know the difference between them and the current limitation on drives connected to M1-based Apple Silicon Macs.
FileVault: FileVault lets you control access to your startup volume, whether on an internal or external drive, including encrypting a drive where necessary. This can’t be used with an external startup drive with an M1-based Mac.
Drive encryption: Finder-mountable non-system volumes can be encrypted via the Finder, as well as advanced ways via the command line and Disk Utility. You can encrypt a non-startup external drive’s volume on any Mac.
FileVault encryption
You can read the full details elsewhere on Macworld about the ins and outs of FileVault, but it’s a way to combine the security of account-based access with the assurance of fully encrypted data. FileVault is managed via the Security & Privacy preference pane’s FileVault pane.
How FileVault works varies based on your model of Mac:
Intel Macs without a T2 security chip: These older Macs, largely models introduced before 2018, use FileVault both for startup security and to handle disk encryption. You can also use FileVault to encrypt and protect an external startup or bootable drive while it’s booted into macOS.
Intel Macs with a T2 security chip:Most Intel Mac models released starting in 2018 have a T2 security chip, which is set to always encrypt the drive, even if FileVault is disabled. (There’s a way to disable this, but there’s no reason to.) The Secure Enclave handles all the necessary pieces. FileVault on a T2-equipped Mac protects a Mac’s data at a cold startup. With such models, you can also use FileVault on external bootable volumes, but FileVault handles the encryption in those cases.
Apple silicon M1 Macs: The new M1-based Macs Apple introduced in late 2020 have a Secure Enclave module, and also always encrypt the startup drive. However, these Macs so far cannot correctly use FileVault on an external bootable volume. Unfortunately, you can turn on FileVault on an external drive, but on restarting, it’s no longer recognized. This likely has to do with the way in which M1 Macs boot from the system volume in Big Sur. Apple should either disable the capability or fix the problem.
Apple
When you enable or disable FileVault protection on a T2/M1 Mac’s internal drive, because encryption is always on, FileVault turns on or off immediately. With an external drive used with an Intel Mac, you can monitor the progress roughly from the FileVault pane of the Security & Privacy preference pane—or see below.
FileVault enables security when powered down for both pre-T2 Macs and T2/M1 Macs: it prevents access at startup without a password for a valid account on the Mac, or for any decrypted data on the drive if accessed in any fashion by another Mac or forensic-examination equipment.
Drive encryption
Entire volumes can be encrypted directly, but then they cannot be used to start up a Mac, because of how FileVault and the startup elements on Macs interact. Encrypting such drives is useful when you’re using them for storage and backups.
A drive with volumes encrypted in this fashion is fully available when mounted and the password entered. If you choose to store the password in the Keychain, then anyone who gains access to your unlocked Mac and can mount one or more volumes from the drive gains access as if the contents weren’t encrypted.
However, in these cases the encrypted contents are unavailable if no party but you has the password to your Mac or the volumes:
You didn’t store the password for the volume or volumes and the drive is unmounted.
You stored the password, but your Mac is powered down.
You stored the password or the drives are mounted, but your Mac is locked. At that point, someone would need to overcome the hurdle of breaking into your running Mac.
You enable encryption on a drive very simply from the Finder:
Control-click the drive on the Desktop or in a Finder window.
Select Encrypt. (This option generally won’t appear for a bootable volume, since encrypting it would make it non-bootable; see above!)
In the dialog that appears, enter a password generated from your password manager or use the key icon to generate one within macOS. (Warning! Make sure you have a copy of the password stored securely for yourself, or the drive’s contents will be permanently inaccesible.)
Enter the password in the Verify Password field, and then enter a password hint. I prefer to store my password securely and my hint tells me in which manager I stored it, like 1Password.
Click Encrypt Disk.
The disk typically needs to unmount and re-mount, and a background encryption process starts that can take hours or even days, depending on the amount of stored data and the encryption power of your machine.
In Disk Utility, if you examine any volume that you’ve encrypted with macOS 10.14 Mojave or later, it shows up with “Encrypted” in the parenthesis for the volume type as “APFS (Encrypted)”. Disk Utility converts a volume that is formatted as Mac OS Extended (Journaled), otherwise known as HFS+, to APFS in the process, and uses the APFS (Encrypted) subtype.
An important side note: If you’re using any volumes on the drive as backup destinations for Time Machine in Mojave or later, directly from your Mac or over your local network, you don’t want to encrypt the drive. Only Macs with Big Sur can backup via Time Machine to an APFS-formatted volume. And, in testing, only HFS+ can be used as the formatting for a destination volume for networked Time Machine backups, whether the Mac being backed up is running Big Sur or an earlier version of macOS.
You can reverse the operation by selecting the drive, choosing Decrypt, entering the password, and then a similarly lengthy operation occurs to decrypt the drive. If it’s been converted from HFS+, it rem
For more advanced users, you can create encrypted volumes directly via Disk Utility or the command line, though this involves destructive erasure of volumes, containers, or partitions, depending on what you’re trying to secure.
Checking drive encryption status
With an Intel Mac without a T2 chip, with FileVault encrypting an external drive on any Intel Mac, or with any model of Mac encrypting an external non-startup volume, you can monitor progress by using a command-line tool. (FileVault’s progress bar isn’t that accurate.)
From Applications > Utilities > Terminal, type the following and press Return:
diskutil apfs list
This shows all the APFS containers and volumes, and the status of encryption in progress. You have to scroll through a lot with many disks and volumes to find that information, so you can instead type the following command to extract just the progress line:
Confusingly, when encryption is completed, whether it’s a startup volume secured by FileVault or an external volume encrypted via the Finder or other means, the diskutil app shows that encryption is enabled always as:
FileVault: Yes (Unlocked)
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